Notes on the distribution, ecology, associated vegetation and conservation status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo

Four species of Gymnadenia are native to Kosovo: G. conopsea , frivaldii nigra and odoratissima . In this study, field expedition data, phytosociological relevés, herbarium specimens along with extensive literature sources were used analyse vegetation ecological characteristics, habitat types, distributional patterns as well provide notes on conservation. is distributed throughout the country, from lowlands alpine belt. It was recorded in various plant communities. grows zone mountains, close streams wet meadows. Its relevés belong class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae This classified “Near Threatened” (NT) Kosovo. subalpine grassland preferably calcareous substrate. has been found almost all mountains reaching >2000 m a.s.l., occurs different communities belonging class: Elyno-Seslerietea one locality only Kosovo, massif Maja e Zezë, Sharri Mts. growing degraded beech forest meadows silicate bedrock. floristically diverse associate Mulgedio-Aconitetea Of four studied species, deserves more conservation attention because its fragile populations.